Introduction

Far-sightedness, also known as long-sightedness, hypermetropia, or hyperopia, is a condition of the eye where distant objects are seen clearly but near objects appear blurred. This blurred effect is due to incoming light being focused behind, instead of on, the retina wall due to insufficient accommodation by the lens. Small amount of hypermetropia in young patients is usually corrected by their accommodation, without any defects in vision. But, due to this accommodative effort for distant vision, people may complain asthenopic symptoms while constant reading.

 Some hypermetropes can see clear at distance, but near vision may be blurred due to insufficient accommodation. For this reason, this defect is referred as far-sightedness. If the hypermetropia is high, there will be defective vision for both distance and near. People may also experience accommodative dysfunction, binocular dysfunction, amblyopia, and strabismus. Newborns are almost invariably hypermetropic, it will gradually decrease as the age increase.

Causes of Hyperopia

Your eyes focus on light rays and send the image of what you’re looking at to your brain. When you’re farsighted, the light rays don’t focus the way they should. The cornea, the clear outer layer of your eye, and the lens focus images directly on the surface of your retina, which lines the back of your eye. If your eye is too short, or the power to focus is too weak, the image will go to the wrong place, behind your retina. That’s what makes things look blurry.

Symptoms

Farsightedness may mean: Nearby objects may appear blurry, You need to squint to see clearly, You have eyestrain, including burning eyes, and aching in or around the eyes and You have general eye discomfort or a headache after doing close tasks, such as reading, writing, computer work or drawing, for a time.

You may have trouble focusing on nearby objects, headaches, blurry vision, eye strain and fatigue or headache after you do a close-up task such as reading.

Diagnosis

All it takes to diagnose farsightedness is a basic eye exam. Your doctor will have you read a chart across the room. If that test shows hyperopia, they’ll use a device called a retinoscope to look at how light reflects off your retina. They’ll also use a phoropter a testing device to help them decide on the best prescription for glasses or contacts.

Complications

Farsightedness can be associated with several problems, such as:

Crossed eyes: Some children with farsightedness may develop crossed eyes. Specially designed eyeglasses that correct for part or the entire farsightedness may treat this problem.

Reduced quality of life: With uncorrected farsightedness, you might not be able to perform a task as well as you wish. And your limited vision may detract from your enjoyment of day-to-day activities.

Eyestrain: Uncorrected farsightedness may cause you to squint or strain your eyes to maintain focus. This can lead to eyestrain and headaches.

Impaired safety: Your own safety and that of others may be jeopardized if you have an uncorrected vision problem. This could be especially serious if you are driving a car or operating heavy equipment.

Financial burden: The cost of corrective lenses, eye exams and medical treatments can add up, especially with a chronic condition such as farsightedness.

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The Ophthalmologist: Clinical and Therapeutic Journal
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